Webeginbyidentifyingtheetymologyofeachsurname byconsultingthemajorIrish,ScottishandEnglish surnameauthorities.Historicexemplarsarenoted.We then proceed by mapping:•19th century census records to create detailed distributions using small areal units. (Poor law Unions) •Intensity indexes are calculated and mapped to isolate the areas of a surnames greatest intensity and probable origins.•The 1841 census is mapped and the frequency of farmers is noted. This distribution is compared with the 1881 distribution and intensity indexes.•Once the 19th century distribution has been satisfactorily identified, the Old Parish Records are mapped in a time series to extend the surname distribution back to the early 18th century. •Miscellaneous records when available (Covenanter’s index for example) are mapped.•If relevant, place name and or Clan boundaries are mapped.•Records, locations and materials provided by the client are included in the analysis.•Finally an analysis is undertaken to reconcile the etymology, 19th century distribution, and historical records. •Appropriate historical base maps are used in combination with the data to assist in the analysis.The Web ModuleThe maps and analysis are compiled in a web module. The module can be uploaded to a server if the client has one, or saved to a drive and accessed from the client’s desktop.Email consultation for updates or clarification are included as the study evolves. All databases used in the project are provided to the client in excel format.The process for a project once commissioned can normally take several weeks or more for completion. Each study is unique and the structure, analysis and content are dependent on the individual surname and or Variants.